| Introduction
Social change is basically related to
the changing trends with in a society like economical
trends, political trends, social trends and technological
developments. These are related to the evolutionary
paradigm of social change of any society. However,
the evolutionary paradigms of social change impacts
on the social culture of every society and the
various cultures existing in it. Amongst the various
evolutionary paradigms of social change, lets
try to evaluate the evolutionary theory of globalization
and social change.
Globalization and Social Change
Social change is not a theory of one nation or
one state; it is a theory that relates to every
nation, every culture and every society both nationally
and internationally. There was a time period when
social change was not recognized internationally
and globally though every state passed the evolutionary
phase of its sociological development and undergoes
many phases of social changes. However, the social,
cultural and political paradigms play an important
role in determining the evolutionary process of
any theory of social change.
Evolutionary Paradigms of Globalization
In order to understand the evolutionary theory
of globalization in specific context to social
change, we will divide it into three main stages.
National Modernization (1950-1965), Internationalization
(1965-1980) and Globalization (1980- present)
National Modernization (1950-1965)
With the end of the World War II, nationalism
was modernized and states started focusing on
developing nationally and at the same time furthering
their diplomatic, economic, political and social
relations with each other by various cultural
exchange programs. However, the period of 1950-1965
is recognized as the period of national modernization.
It was America, who initiated this philosophy
by introducing cultural exchange programs like
providing full bright scholarships for specific
programs related to American studies, exporting
its cultural values, technology and life style
to the world at large. Basically America desired
to confront against its ideological and political
rival Soviet Union as both were into Cold war.
However, projecting a favorable picture to the
world after the negative impressions of the great
world wars was another motive of America, which
provoked for national modernization and cultural
exchange as means of social development. With
this America also started promoting its economic
theory of capitalism against the communist Russia.
Internationalization (1965-1980)
Internationalization is the actual evolutionary
phase of globalization, which immensely resulted
in global social change. The trends of international
politics started changing as now cultural exchange
was appreciated by other states of the world as
well. Therefore, the various states started increasing
cultural exchange programs to strengthen diplomatic
relations with each other. Though states were
still involved into arms conflict and other conflicts
but it was not related to one or two nations,
now every issue was an international issue. Either
it was health issues, slavery, rights for women
or minorities, educational issues, political issues
or issues related to economic development. Every
thing started internationalizing with the involvement
of different states by the idea of cultural exchange
programs. With this, liberalism and capitalism
started strengthening its roots as a theory acceptable
internationally. So this shaped the social structure
into a process of internationalization, which
ultimately resulted to globalization.
Globalization (1980-present)
The end of cold war and the disintegration of
Soviet Union marked the recognition of globalization
as the new trend of international relations and
global politics. With this tremendous social changes
occurred with economic, technological and political
advancements. Therefore, the traditional world
order was transformed completely with the new
social changes resulting out of privatization,
trade liberalization, free market economy, technological
advancement and modernization, communication and
Internet revolution. So this way the whole social
system was changed. Now states are focusing on
economic integration, which is bringing a new
change in the society of international relations
known as regionalism. As the importance of economic
integration is increasing, the world is integration
economically and socially with countries with
in their regions.
Strengths and Weaknesses of Globalization
The evolutionary paradigms of globalization as
a source of social change resulted in both negative
and positive repercussions. On one hand, economic
integration is heading to regionalism and free
trade economy, privatization, technological advancement
and cultural exchange is developing among the
various countries of the world at large. The role
of international organizations, regional organizations
and private organizations is increasing to eliminate
poverty and other social and economic problems
of the world. At the same time the world is becoming
interdependent on each other. Though Europe is
developing at a very faster speed but America
is exercising its imperialistic policies and dominating
the world under a very sophisticated fabrication.
The gap between rich and poor is not increasing
only nationally but globally. As the developed
countries are earning modern technologies and
increasing their economies, the developing countries
are still behind in the race. So globalization
instead of ensuring positive social change in
the world has introduced social, economic and
political threats to the weak states.
Conclusion
Social change is directly related to the changing
trends of international relations either these
are economic, political or social trends. However,
these are the elements of social change in any
society. Though there are many contemporary theories
of social change, however, globalization is mostly
affecting the social system of the world at large.
Therefore, globalization is one of the evolutionary
paradigms of the contemporary theory of social
change that at the same time is renowned for its
strengths and possesses very strong weakness,
which affect the order of social change.
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