This paper provides knowledge about the settlement of Europeans in North America by seizing control of the Atlantic seaboard of North America. The Indians are not the natives of America; instead they are the natives of Asia.

They had migrated from Siberia to the land that exists between continents. Approximately 150,000 Native Americans were living in North America at the time when Europeans arrived there. There were three tribes; each of them with a different linguistic group. So Europeans first had to encounter with them.

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There were some similarities between European settlers and Native Americans. Both of them believed in religious and their lives were full of ceremonies. Initially, the relationship between the European settlers and Native Americans was peaceful but after some time, differences had begun between them.

Both of them were of different cultures. Native Americans were believed in the strong role of women while European settlers were totally against giving rights to women. Then some differences over land had also led to the seized control of the Atlantic seaboard of North America.

How European Colonists Seized Control of the Atlantic Seaboard of North America from Its Native Inhabitants?

When European explorers first sailed to North America, they thought they had arrived in the East Indies, near the continent of Asia. That's why the explorers called the people they found living on these lands 'Indians.'

Scientists now believe that these 'American Indians,' commonly known today as Native Americans, arrived in the Americas more than 20,000 years ago, most likely from Northeast Asia. Many probably came across from Siberia by a 'land bridge' that existed when sea levels were lower. Native Americans are not one people, but many different peoples with their own distinct cultures and traditions.

Warfare was not the only reason for the removal of Native Americans from North America. Disease was the greatest killer. Many European diseases had brought to North America with the European settlers. Such diseases were previously unknown to Native Americans. Among those diseases were cholera, smallpox and measles. A great destruction had occurred due to the wreaked havoc of those diseases among tribes that were already without any immunity. Small pox was the greatest killer among those diseases.

There were about 850,000 Native Americans living in what is now the United States when Columbus arrived. During the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries, diseases (including many brought by Europeans) and wars with European settlers and soldiers caused the deaths of thousands of American Indians. As more settlers came, and moved westward, the Native peoples were often displaced. The Indian Removal Act of 1830 allowed the government to force all Indians east of the Mississippi to move to Indian Territory (part of what is now Oklahoma).

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In 1838 and 1839, in what came to be known as the 'Trail of Tears,' 16,000 Cherokee Indians in Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, and Tennessee were moved from their homelands to Indian Territory. Nearly a quarter of them died on the way, of hunger, disease, and cold.

By 1910, there were only about 220,000 Native Americans left in the U.S. In 1924, Congress granted native peoples citizenship. Since then, the American Indian population has increased dramatically. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the total number of American Indians and Alaska Natives in 2002 was about 2.7 million (not counting people who reported belonging to other ethnic groups in addition to Native American).

Native Americans have been living in North Carolina for thousands of years. When the first European settlers landed off the North Carolina and Virginia coastlines they interacted with the Natives who were living there. At first, the relationship between the two different cultures was relatively peaceful.

The Indians had much to teach the Europeans about surviving in the "New World." In exchange for the Natives' help the settlers gave the Indians manufactured products from Europe.
The Native Americans conserved their resources, living in harmony with the land. They fished, hunted, and grew corn, melons, and tobacco.

Most Europeans did not share this respect for nature as they over-hunted and over-harvested the land.
Eventually, the friendly feelings between the settlers and Native Americans changed. As more and more Europeans infiltrated the Americas food sources became less available for the Natives.

The settlers brought many new diseases with them that the Native peoples had no natural immunity against. Over time, the Native Americans became dependent on many of the products from Europe and certain aspects of their culture began to change.

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In 1838 well over half of the Cherokee Indian population in North Carolina and Tennessee were forcibly moved to Oklahoma. This forced migration was called the Trail of Tears. Native Americans all over the state and country were given few rights. However, some progress has been made in the last few decades.

For centuries before the Indians ever saw a white man, they slaughtered one another in bloody tribal warfare. When the Europeans arrived, there commenced a long war of about 150 years. The Indians lost decisively.

The Indians were by no means "native" to America. At the end of the Ice Age, they crossed from Siberia on a land bridge that existed between the continents. The Indians are Asians.

Then they worked their way down from what would become Alaska and encountered a resident people now known as "Mound Builders" because of the large earth structures they left. The nomadic warriors from Siberia extinguished the Mount Builders, and then fought each other for centuries.

European settlers had gain land through royal charter or treaty rights. The reasons the Indians lost the long war against the European settlers were not mainly technological. Soon the Indians had muskets and horses and, later on, rifles. They were excellent riders and fighters.

They could have formed a united army of some sort to do battle, but that was far beyond them. They were a Stone Age tribal people, the tribes hating one another as much or more than they hated the whites. In fact, the most warlike tribes, such as the Sioux, the Comanches and the Apaches, were so savage that other tribes often joined the whites against them.

Among the young braves of the warlike tribes, fighting was the most honored activity, and the only route to honor, booty and captured women. Any Indian chief with an impulse toward peace would have been regarded as an old woman and replaced, similarly any chief who tried to form a coalition with other tribes.

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The whites did not win because of rifles and horses, but through better organization and steadiness of purpose. The frontier advanced steadily against the nomads, farms were established and forts built to protect the settlers. European settlers used their wisdom and tactics to make their colonies.

The Indians lost the long war because their overall culture and Stone Age tribal organization were inferior and could not prevail. There was not unity among the people of a tribe and between tribes. They were enemies of each other.

The Indians had another position besides fighting. They could have rejected tribalism and its ethos and assimilated to 19th-Century Western civilization. Indeed, many of them did, and their descendants today live among the rest of the Americans.
So, the Indians lost the war. The Scottish Highlanders were destroyed after the Battle of Culloden in 1745 for the same reasons.

It is utterly frivolous to wish that the Indians had won.

Work Cited :

Colin J. Calloway. (1998). New Worlds for All: Indians, Europeans and the Remaking of Early America. John Hopkins Univ Pr. ASIN 0801854482. p. 134-152.
Ibid. p., 152-178.
Ibid. p., 178-195.
Ibid. p., 178-199.